Sander lucioperca

WelfareScore | farm

Li0  ❘  Po1  ❘  Ce1

Likelihood

Potential

Certainty

The production of Sander lucioperca has emerged over the past decades while important biological processes of the species are not known yet. The low FishEthoScore is substantially due to the dependence on fish in the diet, home range and substrate needs, complex courtship and stress under farming conditions. Further research is needed on both natural behaviour and physiological effects of farming practices in order to develop specific rearing conditions and provide recommendations for improving fish welfare. Extensive on-growing conditions using ponds and reduced stocking densities are simple measures that should help to improve welfare and reduce stressful events in farming conditions. Intensive on-growing conditions in tanks may use environmental enrichment to benefit fish welfare.